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Chipped Stone Antiquities Collection – Julian Steward Collection 2
Figure 104
The single largest category of artifacts within the Steward Collection is chipped stone. Chipped stone in the collection cross-cuts every time period within the Great Basin and includes items used in everyday survival as well and ceremonial uses. Within the chipped stone category, projectile points predominate, followed by hafted knifes, scraping tools, effigies and ceremonial objects. Projectile points include lance points, dart (atatle) points, and arrow points.   The projectile points are the best diagnostic time markers in the collection other than possible vegetation and leather than could be subjected to Carbon-14 analysis. Projectile points in the collection include Great Basin Stemmed and Lake Mojave (Terminal Pliestocene-Paleoindian), Northern and Rocker Side-notch, Pinto (Early Archaic), Elko Series (Middle to Late Archaic and Ancestral Pueblo-Fremont, Humboldt and Gypsum Cave (Middle to Late Archaic and early Ancestral Pueblo-Fremont), Desert, Uintah, Bear River Side-notch and Cottonwood Triangular (Late Prehistoric-Ancestral Numic).   The majority of the points are made from a variety of obsidian that was imported to the region. Local cherts and quartzite tool stone was also used for projectile points and hafted knifes. Rare tiger and jasper red cherts used for points were imported much like obsidian. Other chipped stone tools include ceremonial objects such as animal effigies and decorative points. Chipped stone tools include hide and vegetation scrapers that span several cultural time periods and hafted drill tools used to perforate hides, bone or wood. Stone tools for forming projectile points and knifes include round hammerstones, most of which are fine-grained, dense quartzite that are of local origin.
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Figure 60
Figure 60
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